Description

In this paper we propose a novel method for 3D reconstruction of inscriptions using a shape-from-shading technique and for statistical analysis of their reconstructed surfaces using images of scanned squeezes. The squeeze is scanned twice from two different directions. Using the shading information a 3D model of the original surface is reconstructed and parametrized as a height map. This map is automatically segmented into smaller regions containing single letters, which are divided into groups of same characters and are further employed for a statistical analysis of the inscribed letters. The results can be used for studying the variations of the lettering techniques within a set of inscriptions.

We have applied our framework to five inscribed fragments from the archaeological site of Epidauros, containing religious hymns for Asclepius and other deities (IG IV I 2, 129-135; SEG 30, 390 = Robert Wagman, Inni di Epidauro, 1995). Although found in different locations, these inscriptions show close affinities in content (sacred poetry), material (red local limestone) and writing (uncial lettering of the third century CE). The 3D reconstruction of the letterforms provides us with definite proof that all of them came from the same monument, possibly an inscribed wall from one of the buildings in the sanctuary’s main area. A closer observation of the results reveals even some minor groups of letters with similar construction, which validates the accuracy of the proposed method. The advantages of 3D reconstruction in epigraphical research are especially obvious in the case of badly weathered or damaged inscribed surfaces, where the lettering is difficult to discern with the naked eye.